Wildfire season in Canada, typically spanning from early April to late October, brings an increased risk of poor air quality due to widespread smoke. Exposure to this smoke can trigger serious health issues. Understanding the signs, knowing who is most vulnerable, and learning how to respond is critical for every household across the country.
This guide provides vital information to help you and your family stay safe during periods of poor air quality caused by wildfire smoke.
Who Is Most at Risk from Wildfire Smoke Exposure?
While heavy smoke can affect everyone, certain groups are more susceptible to severe health complications. It is crucial to be extra vigilant if you or your loved ones fall into these categories:
- Seniors
- Pregnant people
- Infants and young children
- People who work or exercise strenuously outdoors
- Individuals who smoke
- People with chronic health conditions, such as asthma, COPD, heart disease, diabetes, or cancer.
During periods of intense wildfire smoke, remember that everyone is at risk, regardless of age or prior health status.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Wildfire Smoke Exposure
Knowing the signs of smoke-related health issues can help you take swift action. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Common, Mild Symptoms
Most people initially experience mild irritation. Watch for:
- Headaches
- A persistent, mild cough
- Increased phlegm or mucus production
- Sore, watery, or itchy eyes
- Irritation in the nose, sinuses, or throat
If you experience these symptoms, your body is signalling that you need to reduce your exposure. Limit time outdoors and avoid strenuous activities.
Serious Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention
More severe symptoms indicate a greater health risk and require immediate action. Seek advice from a healthcare provider or urgent medical attention if you experience:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pains
- A severe or worsening cough
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing or the onset of an asthma attack
- Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat
- Stridor (a high-pitched whistling sound when you breathe in)
In a medical emergency, such as a potential stroke or heart attack, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. In rare cases, severe exposure can lead to stroke, heart attack, or premature death.
How to Protect Yourself from Poor Air Quality
Taking proactive steps is the best way to mitigate the health effects of wildfire smoke. Follow these expert recommendations to keep your indoor air safe.
- Stay Indoors and Limit Outdoor Activity: This is the most effective way to reduce exposure. Postpone outdoor exercise and events when air quality is poor.
- Use a Portable Air Purifier: An air purifier with a HEPA filter is highly effective at removing harmful smoke particles from the air inside your home.
- Keep Windows and Doors Closed: Seal your home to prevent smoke from entering. Use air conditioning on its recirculation setting if you have it.
- Upgrade and Maintain Your Furnace Filter: Check your furnace filter regularly and ensure it is clean. Consider using a higher-rated filter (MERV 13 or higher) and change it monthly during wildfire season for optimal performance.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps your body deal with inflammation and irritation.
- Create a Health Management Plan: If you have a chronic condition like asthma or heart disease, work with your doctor to create a specific action plan for smoky conditions.
- Stay Informed: Monitor your local and regional air quality forecasts. Use resources like the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) to make informed decisions about your daily activities.
